lunes, 8 de julio de 2019

Programador cíclico electromecánico curso 2018-19

Como en años anteriores, al terminar el curso os queremos presentar los trabajos realizados por el alumnado en la asignatura de 3º de ESO. En concreto os mostraremos los proyectos de los grupos B1 y B2 (bilingües) y del ámbito práctico de PMAR. Es por este motivo que este curso la entrada está en español, en vez de en inglés como en los cursos anteriores.

En este curso, nuevamente la propuesta era la siguiente:

 DISEÑA Y CONSTRUYE UN PROGRAMADOR CICLICO ELECTROMECANICO que cumpla las siguientes características:
OBLIGATORIAS:
  • Dimensiones máximas: Altura 240mm, anchura 180mm, profundidad 280mm (0,75p)
  • Al accionar el interruptor el semáforo o cartel luminoso deberá iluminarse alternativamente. (4p)
  •  La estructura deberá cumplir propiedades de estabilidad, resistencia y rigidez (0,75p)
 OPCIONALES:
  • Circuitería oculta (0,75p)
  • Diseño ligero y ahorro de material (0,5p)
  • Accesibilidad para cambio de repuestos: pilas, LED, etc (0,75p) 
  • Reducción extra de velocidad (1p)
  • Diseño original (0,5p)
  • Estética: acabados y pintado (1p)
Para ello, tenían que tomar decisiones sobre los siguientes elementos del sistema:

  • Transmisión de movimiento (mecanismo reductor) 
  • Elemento movible 
  • Programa 
  • Interruptores 
  • Receptor 
A continuación os mostramos como han ido resolviendo cada uno de los apartados.

TRANSMISIÓN DE MOVIMIENTO

 Uno de los requisitos obligatorios del proyecto era la utilización del mecanismo tornillo sinfin-corona como sistema reductor principal.


Algunos grupos se han animado a colocar un sistema extra de reducción de velocidad, usando engranajes con cadena o un sistema de poleas con correa.





ELEMENTO MOVIBLE, PROGRAMA e INTERRUPTORES

Este curso ha habido poca variedad, habiendo elegido todos los grupos la lata de refresco forrada de papel de plata como elemento movible, dada su mayor fiabilidad frente a opciones de otros cursos como los discos o cigüeñales. El programa en este caso se define con tiras de cinta aislante de duración y colocación en función de la secuencia deseada en las luces.
Los interruptores en este caso son tiras metálicas de la misma anchura que las tiras de cinta aislante.






RECEPTOR


Por último, este ha sido el aspecto en el que más se ha desarrollado la creatividad del alumnado, huyendo del clásico semáforo y apostando por otros receptores más elaborados.
Este curso hemos tenido varios modelos de cohetes, con su cuenta atrás.




También se han repetido los árboles de Navidad.


 También ha habido monumentos importantes del mundo, como la torre Eiffel o el Big-Ben


Y luego una variedad de motivos diversos como coches, casas, atracciones de feria o barquitos.




Caben destacar por su laboriosidad y complejidad dos proyectos que fueron premiados por el publico de la II Feria de la Tecnología con la opción a salvarse y quedar como muestra en el taller. Se trata de un camión cisterna que aprovechaba la geometría de la lata, y una playa caribeña con faro, caseta de socorrista y banderas incluidas.



Por último, como es habitual, os dejo con un pequeño video donde podéis ver los proyectos funcionando. Enhorabuena a todos los grupos por el trabajo realizado y nos vemos el curso que viene con más y mejores ideas, seguro. ¡Buen verano!


viernes, 15 de marzo de 2019

WOMEN IN SCIENCE: MELITTA BENTZ
Biography:
Her real name is Amalie Auguste Melitta Liestcher.
She has born the 31•01•1873, at Saxon capital of Germany, and she dies 29•06•1950.
She was the daughter of an editer.
She married with Hugo BENTZ, and they have two sons, Horst and Will Bentz.
Melitta founded a organitation called “Melitta”
The 20 of June the 1908 she have the patent and the 15 of December the company was registered by the name of “M.Bentz”.
On the first sell, they sold 1200 filters for coffee on the fair of Leipzing in 1909.
One year leater the company won one medal of gold in the International Exposition and one silver medal in the Association of Saxon's Hotel Mangers.
After the outbreak of the first mundial war they took away the material for construct zepelins.
Her married was destined to Romania and the import of the coffee was impossible because of the blockade of Britains.
She moved back to Desde.
In 1928, because of the big demand of the product she has to put 80 workers more, and they have to do doub a

le tourns.
About the invention:
It is a kitchen utensil that serves to filter hot water and coffee beans.
Melitta was fed up with the bitter and lumpy coffee.
it is simply to throw water
hot on ground coffee. The water will pass through the coffee particles and through a filter, and falls into a container.
They are usually made of paper, they are not reusable or stainless steel, reusable. They are round, but recently they have invented some with a sachet shape that carry the coffee inside.

miércoles, 27 de febrero de 2019

Rachel Fuller Brown and Elizabeth Lee Hazen, Nystatin



 BIOGRAPHY:
Rachel Fuller Brown was born on the 23rd of November, 1898 in Springfield, Massachusetts. Her father was George Hamilton Brown, and her mother Annie Brown.


Resultado de imagen de rachel fuller brownShe was an American biochemist, she studied at Harvard University, Mount Holyoke College and at the University of Chicago. She got the degree on Physic and Chemistry in the year 1920.

In the year 1948 she started a project with Elisabeth Lee Hazen, this led to a discovery, they found an antibiotic called Nystatin. It´s the first fungicide against fungi applicable to humans. It´s useful in cutaneous and mucosa infections, produced by Candida Abbicons

Se died on die 14th of Junary 1980 in Albany, New York

Resultado de imagen de elizabeth lee hazenElizabeth was born on 24th of August, 1885 in Rich ( Mississippi). She died on the 24th of Juliy 1975. She became an orphan at the age of 3.

In 1931, she worked in the department of the state of New York, she found the sources of leukemia,She also founded the fungi that spoil poorly preserver food and how it works

At the department, she did studies of fungi and discovered treatments for fungal diseases.
INVETION:NYSTATIN
Resultado de imagen de nystatin wikipediaIt acts as fungistatic and fungicide, depending on the concetration. It binds to the sterols of the cell membrane of fungi, whoose spatial configuation disorganizes, which lets to an alteration of the permeability of the membrane with loss of amino-acids, purines and ions by the fungi, with alteration of cellular metabolism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nystatin



martes, 26 de febrero de 2019


      CLATONIA JOAQUIN DORTICUS  

Clatonia Joaquin Dorticus was a Scientist who was born in     
Cuba in 1863, but she makes her home  in Newton, N.Jersey. 
Little is known for her personal life.

 In regards to her inventions, she left an enduring legacy in               innovations in developning photographic print and negative             was machine. She also invented an inproved machine for                 embossing photographs.

 Her machine was designed to both mount and emboss a                  photographic print.

 Embossing is a method of raising parts of a photograph for a           3D look for relief her machine had a bed plate, a die, and a               pressure bar and bearings. she got the patent for this on July of         1894. It was referenced by two other patents in the 1950's. 
Every one thought that Clatonia was a man because there was not informaton of her life or photos. 

lunes, 25 de febrero de 2019

LILLIAN MOLLER GILBRETH


LILLIAN MOLLER GILBRETH

She was an American Psychologist. She was one of the first females engineers to get a doctorate. Her Works were developped in the area of industrial engineering.
She was born on 24th of May, 1878 in Oakland, Arizona.
She got married in 1904 to Frank Burker Gilbreth.
In 1911 she made her first important publication of her investigation: "Study of the movement". In 1915 she got her doctorate on psychologist at Brown University. She worked with her husband in the direction of the Jhonshon and Jhonshon company.

She put shelves in the door of the fridge and she invented the trash pedal and the electric blender.
.

miércoles, 20 de febrero de 2019

Marjorie Stewart Joyner: Permanent Wave Machine



Marjorie Stewart Joyner

Marjorie was a woman who tried to solve African-american women's hair problems.
https://mujeresconciencia.com

HER LIFE
She was born on 1896 in Monterrey as the daughter of a teacher and a housewife, descendants of slaves.
Her parents got divorced and a few years later and she moved to Chicago.
Before she opened her beauty salon, she married Robert E. Joyner, a student of medicine.

STUDIES AND JOBS
There, she began working as a cleaner and as a waitress while she was in high school, which she could not finish.
Later , in an another school she graduated and was the first black person to graduate from that prodigious academy of cosmetics and beauty.

She opened a small beauty salon where she became famous for her ability with the "Marcel wave".
As straight hairstyle was difficult to do on black women, she decided to take lessons from a famous hairstylist for these women to release their complexes.

INVENTION
http://myauctionfinds.com
In 1919 she started to work in famous beauty salon ”The Walker Company ,and after the death of the head of the salon, Joyner became the head of the company .
In 1926, she wanted to solve the problem of most African-American's to straighten their hair so she created a machine to make it permanent.
She registered her machine in 1928 but could not be considered the inventor because a German man had already had the idea.A few years after making black women happy,
she  died in 1994 at the age of 98 in Chicago.

OUR PERSONAL OPINION
In our personal opinion, we think she was nice because she thought about helping black woman to overcome their complexes and feel better.




URL:





By: Laura and Jun









Mary Kies First American woman to obtain a patent

        Mary Kies           

Biography:
  
Mary Dixon was born in Killingly, Connecticut (United States) on March 21, 1752. She
was born to a family of farmers, daughter of  John and Janet Kennedy Dixon.
She married Isaac Pike I, and in 1770 they had a son named Isaac Pike II .
After his death she married John Kies. When John Kies died, she went to Brooklyn,
New York to live with her second son, Daniel Kies.
She had 3 children; Isaac Pike II , Daniel Kies and Abigail Kies.
Unfortunately, she died at the age of 85, in 1837, in New York.

Picture extracted from:  http://esceptica.org/2015/05/06/bios-mary-dixon-kies/ 
                                                 
                                               Invention:

Kies invented and patented a new method by which the weaving of straw with silk and thread became more effective. This method reduced costs when manufacturing hats. She worked in Massachusetts.

Due to the Napoleonic wars, it was very difficult to import goods to the United States. They sold hats made of silk to the people that worked in the countryside.

But she not only invented that method, she was the first American woman to obtain a patent.
At that time, the women weren’t authorized to have possessions in their name. Unfortunately, the patent was destroyed because there was a fire in 1836 at the Patent Office.

She didn’t became rich because of the patent, but other people benefited from it.

Picture extracted from: https://mujeresquehacenlahistoria.blogspot.com/2016/05/siglo-xviii-mary-dixon-kies.html 







By: Mariam Kheta and Yasmin Zegaa

Sally Fox

SALLY FOX 



Sally Fox
Extracted from:
http://www.women-inventors.com/Sally-Fox.asp



We are talking about Sally Fox. She was a revolutionary inventor, because she invented the Fox Fibre. 

Biography:

She was born in 1845 in Southeast Ohio.
She was the second daughter of her parents( Aaron and Mary ). Her father died when she was a child. 
There, "the fox widow, which was how Mary was known, got married again to Alpha Brown, who was recently widowed with two children, one of whom was disable.
The Industrial Revolution produced a new type of loom that needed a new type of cotton and a lot of resistance, so the great variety of cotton of different colors and resistance was the mono culture of white cotton. Sally Fox invented again a little quantity of seed of brown cotton. Fox started to investigate until she created a long fiber colored cotton, that was commercial viable. The invention was called Fox Fibre.

Finally, Sally Fox died on the 7th of February 1913, after living a good life.

Personal opinion:

We think that this invent is so important and the inventor has a lot of merit 

ERNA SCHNEIDER HOOVER

ERNA SCHNEIDER HOOVER

Biography:
Erna Schneider Hoover was born in Irvington (New Jersey) on June 19, 1926. She studied philosophy and classical history, when she was only 20 years old. Her brother died at the age of 8. On 1953 she married Charles Wilson Hoover and he helped her with electronical things that Erna didn´t know.In 1987 Hoover was retired after 32 years in "Bell Labs". Since then she has been dedicated to spred the importance of education at all levels.


In 1954 she entered the center "Bell Labs" in Homdel (New Jersey). Six years later she launched a first fully electronic telephone in Morris (Illinois) but this invention wasn´t good, so thanks to his knowledge in logic and in theory of feedback, Hoover programmed the control devices of a telephone exchange, so that incoming call data could be used to impose order on the entire system. Finally, in 1965 the invention of Hoover was presented by "Bell Labs" as the most ambitious project of it´s history. 


Invention: 
Erna Schneider Hoover was the first woman to discovered feedback control monitor for stored program data processing system.



Daniel Carindatoiu y Guillermo Gil

martes, 19 de febrero de 2019

             Letitia Mumford Geer


  Life: Letitia Mumford Geer born in 1852 in New York and died on 18 july of 1935,died at the age of 83 years old.She studied medicine.She
didn't marry.

Family: Father: George Warren Geer (1843-1917)
Mother: Cornelia Matilda Geer (1851-1921)
Brothers:4 Gurdon Saltonstall Mumford Geer,John Mumford Geer,
Sisters: No
Invention:One-hand operated syringe,is the name of the invention of Letitia Geer.
A person can use it without the aid of an assistant.
And of course you can use it of only one hand,because
before a person need to use the “normal syringe” with
2 hands.This invention is very important in the medicine.
CITATIONS
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letitia_Mumford_Geer
https://steemit.com/cervantes/@tanita249/mujeres-que-cambiaron-el-mundo-cap-01-letitia-mumford-geer
https://patents.google.com/patent/US622848A/en
VIDEO
https://youtu.be/-dp_AtA4tjE

domingo, 17 de febrero de 2019

Sarah Mather - Underwater periscope

SARAH MATHER

Itś considerated that Sarah Mather was born in Brooklyn , New York in 1796 but the biographical data of this woman are few. 
According to the Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science , Sarah got married and had one daugther, no more data is known.

She invented the aquascope in 1845, it is consisted of a tube with a lamp attached to one end of it, that can be sunk into the water to illuminate the objects with it.
This invention allows to visualize objects underwater, but with its 
later editions, the aquascope calculates the distances between     
objects, its size and therefore it has been added to the submarines of United States' armies.
But also the soldies on earth use the periscopes to keep them hidden in the trenches and attack their ennemies with surprise.
But Sarah thought her object would be used to see in water, avoid objects, fish or dogde rocks.

Later, she included a lamp to improve the display of the objects.
She could survive all her life with her invention.
However, until the time of his death on June 21, 1868, women were
 not accepted in the repair work of submarines.






Sources:

https://www.kienyke.com/kien-fue/sarah-mather-inventora-de-periscopio

By Lucía Chen and Inés Moreno