Durante este último mes de enero, y coincidiendo con la efemérides del 11 de Febrero, Día Internacional de la Mujer y la Niña en la Ciencia, el alumnado de 3º de ESO ha estado familiarizándose con la vida de algunas de estas mujeres, pioneras en su tiempo, que se abrieron paso en el campo científico con no pocas dificultades.
Desde el departamento de Matemáticas, Física y Química y Biología se les han propuesto figuras femeninas destacadas en sus campos, y el alumnado ha realizado una pequeña investigación sobre su biografía, sus principales aportaciones al campo cientifico y algo del contexto histórico-social en el que vivieron.
Finalmente lo han plasmado en infografías, durante las clases de tecnología, en las que han aprendido a utilizar un programa específico para ello (Glogster) así como un gestor bibliográfico (Zotero) para elaborar bibliografías con mayor calidad.
El alumnado bilingüe, además, ha realizado la infografía en inglés, con la ayuda de Sara, nuestra lectora de inglés. Aquí os dejamos una presentación con las infografías realizadas en este idioma.
Algunas de ellas las hemos presentado al concurso "Científicas antes que Yo", organizado por el Museo de Ciencias Naturales, siendo acreedoras de una Mención de Honor por "la elevada calidad del conjunto de las infografías presentadas".
Enhorabuena a todos y todas por el esfuerzo y el trabajo realizado.
Como en años anteriores, al terminar el curso os queremos presentar los trabajos realizados por el alumnado en la asignatura de 3º de ESO. En concreto os mostraremos los proyectos de los grupos B1 y B2 (bilingües) y del ámbito práctico de PMAR. Es por este motivo que este curso la entrada está en español, en vez de en inglés como en los cursos anteriores.
En este curso, nuevamente la propuesta era la siguiente:
DISEÑA Y CONSTRUYE UN PROGRAMADOR CICLICO ELECTROMECANICO que cumpla las siguientes características:
Al accionar el interruptor el semáforo o cartel luminoso deberá iluminarse alternativamente. (4p)
La estructura deberá cumplir propiedades de estabilidad, resistencia y rigidez (0,75p)
OPCIONALES:
Circuitería oculta (0,75p)
Diseño ligero y ahorro de material (0,5p)
Accesibilidad para cambio de repuestos: pilas, LED, etc (0,75p)
Reducción extra de velocidad (1p)
Diseño original (0,5p)
Estética: acabados y pintado (1p)
Para ello, tenían que tomar decisiones sobre los siguientes elementos del sistema:
Transmisión de movimiento (mecanismo reductor)
Elemento movible
Programa
Interruptores
Receptor
A continuación os mostramos como han ido resolviendo cada uno de los apartados.
TRANSMISIÓN DE MOVIMIENTO
Uno de los requisitos obligatorios del proyecto era la utilización del mecanismo tornillo sinfin-corona como sistema reductor principal.
Algunos grupos se han animado a colocar un sistema extra de reducción de velocidad, usando engranajes con cadena o un sistema de poleas con correa.
ELEMENTO MOVIBLE, PROGRAMA e INTERRUPTORES
Este curso ha habido poca variedad, habiendo elegido todos los grupos la lata de refresco forrada de papel de plata como elemento movible, dada su mayor fiabilidad frente a opciones de otros cursos como los discos o cigüeñales. El programa en este caso se define con tiras de cinta aislante de duración y colocación en función de la secuencia deseada en las luces.
Los interruptores en este caso son tiras metálicas de la misma anchura que las tiras de cinta aislante.
RECEPTOR
Por último, este ha sido el aspecto en el que más se ha desarrollado la creatividad del alumnado, huyendo del clásico semáforo y apostando por otros receptores más elaborados.
Este curso hemos tenido varios modelos de cohetes, con su cuenta atrás.
También se han repetido los árboles de Navidad.
También ha habido monumentos importantes del mundo, como la torre Eiffel o el Big-Ben
Y luego una variedad de motivos diversos como coches, casas, atracciones de feria o barquitos.
Caben destacar por su laboriosidad y complejidad dos proyectos que fueron premiados por el publico de la II Feria de la Tecnología con la opción a salvarse y quedar como muestra en el taller. Se trata de un camión cisterna que aprovechaba la geometría de la lata, y una playa caribeña con faro, caseta de socorrista y banderas incluidas.
Por último, como es habitual, os dejo con un pequeño video donde podéis ver los proyectos funcionando. Enhorabuena a todos los grupos por el trabajo realizado y nos vemos el curso que viene con más y mejores ideas, seguro. ¡Buen verano!
viernes, 15 de marzo de 2019
WOMEN IN SCIENCE: MELITTA BENTZ
Biography:
Her real name is Amalie Auguste Melitta Liestcher.
She has born the 31•01•1873, at Saxon capital of Germany, and she dies 29•06•1950.
She was the daughter of an editer.
She married with Hugo BENTZ, and they have two sons, Horst and Will Bentz.
Melitta founded a organitation called “Melitta”
The 20 of June the 1908 she have the patent and the 15 of December the company was registered by the name of “M.Bentz”.
On the first sell, they sold 1200 filters for coffee on the fair of Leipzing in 1909.
One year leater the company won one medal of gold in the International Exposition and one silver medal in the Association of Saxon's Hotel Mangers.
After the outbreak of the first mundial war they took away the material for construct zepelins.
Her married was destined to Romania and the import of the coffee was impossible because of the blockade of Britains.
She moved back to Desde.
In 1928, because of the big demand of the product she has to put 80 workers more, and they have to do doub a
le tourns.
About the invention:
It is a kitchen utensil that serves to filter hot water and coffee beans.
Melitta was fed up with the bitter and lumpy coffee.
it is simply to throw water hot on ground coffee. The water will pass through the coffee particles and through a filter, and falls into a container. They are usually made of paper, they are not reusable or stainless steel, reusable. They are round, but recently they have invented some with a sachet shape that carry the coffee inside.
Rachel Fuller Brown was born on the 23rd of November, 1898 in Springfield, Massachusetts. Her father was George Hamilton Brown, and her mother Annie Brown.
She was an American biochemist, she studied at Harvard University, Mount Holyoke College and at the University of Chicago. She got the degree on Physic and Chemistry in the year 1920.
In the year 1948 she started a project with Elisabeth Lee Hazen, this led to a discovery, they found an antibiotic called Nystatin. It´s the first fungicide against fungi applicable to humans. It´s useful in cutaneous and mucosa infections, produced by Candida Abbicons
Se died on die 14th of Junary 1980 in Albany, New York
Elizabeth was born on 24th of August, 1885 in Rich ( Mississippi). She died on the 24th of Juliy 1975. She became an orphan at the age of 3.
In 1931, she worked in the department of the state of New York, she found the sources of leukemia,She also founded the fungi that spoil poorly preserver food and how it works
At the department, she did studies of fungi and discovered treatments for fungal diseases.
It acts as fungistatic and fungicide, depending on the concetration. It binds to the sterols of the cell membrane of fungi, whoose spatial configuation disorganizes, which lets to an alteration of the permeability of the membrane with loss of amino-acids, purines and ions by the fungi, with alteration of cellular metabolism
Clatonia Joaquin Dorticus was a Scientist who was born in
Cuba in 1863, but she makes her home in Newton, N.Jersey.
Little is known for her personal life.
In regards to her inventions, she left an enduring legacy in innovations in developning photographic print and negative was machine. She also invented an inproved machine for embossing photographs.
Her machine was designed to both mount and emboss a photographic print.
Embossing is a method of raising parts of a photograph for a 3D look for relief her machine had a bed plate, a die, and a pressure bar and bearings. she got the patent for this on July of 1894. It was referenced by two other patents in the 1950's.
Every one thought that Clatonia was a man because there was not informaton of her life or photos.
LILLIAN MOLLER GILBRETH
She was an American Psychologist. She was one of the first females engineers to get a doctorate. Her Works were developped in the area of industrial engineering.
She was born on 24th of May, 1878 in Oakland, Arizona.
She got married in 1904 to Frank Burker Gilbreth.
In 1911 she made her first important publication of her investigation: "Study of the movement". In 1915 she got her doctorate on psychologist at Brown University. She worked with her husband in the direction of the Jhonshon and Jhonshon company.
She put shelves in the door of the fridge and she invented the trash pedal and the electric blender.
Marjorie was a woman who tried to solve African-american women's hair problems.
https://mujeresconciencia.com
HER LIFE
She was born on 1896 in Monterrey as the daughter of a teacher and a housewife, descendants of slaves.
Her parents got divorced and a few years later and she moved to Chicago.
Before she opened her beauty salon, she married Robert E. Joyner, a student of medicine.
STUDIES AND JOBS
There, she began working as a cleaner and as a waitress while she was in high school, which she could not finish.
Later , in an another school she graduated and was the first black person to graduate from that prodigious academy of cosmetics and beauty.
She opened a small beauty salon where she became famous for her ability with the "Marcel wave".
As straight hairstyle was difficult to do on black women, she decided to take lessons from a famous hairstylist for these women to release their complexes.
INVENTION
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In 1919 she started to work in famous beauty salon ”The Walker Company ” ,and after the death of the head of the salon, Joyner became the head of the company .
In 1926, she wanted to solve the problem of most African-American's to straighten their hair so she created a machine to make it permanent.
She registered her machine in 1928 but could not be considered the inventor because a German man had already had the idea.A few years after making black women happy,
she died in 1994 at the age of 98 in Chicago.
OUR PERSONAL OPINION
In our personal opinion, we think she was nice because she thought about helping black woman to overcome their complexes and feel better.
