WOMEN IN SCIENCE: MELITTA BENTZ

Biography:

Her real name is Amalie Auguste Melitta Liestcher.

She has born the 31•01•1873, at Saxon capital of Germany, and she dies 29•06•1950.

She was the daughter of an editer.

She married with Hugo BENTZ, and they have two sons, Horst and Will Bentz.

Melitta founded a organitation called “Melitta”

The 20 of June the 1908 she have the patent and the 15 of December the company was registered by the name of “M.Bentz”.

On the first sell, they sold 1200 filters for coffee on the fair of Leipzing in 1909.

One year leater the company won one medal of gold in the International Exposition and one silver medal in the Association of Saxon's Hotel Mangers.

After the outbreak of the first mundial war they took away the material for construct zepelins.

Her married was destined to Romania and the import of the coffee was impossible because of the blockade of Britains.

She moved back to Desde.

In 1928, because of the big demand of the product she has to put 80 workers more, and they have to do doub a

le tourns.

About the invention:

It is a kitchen utensil that serves to filter hot water and coffee beans.

Melitta was fed up with the bitter and lumpy coffee.

it is simply to throw water
hot on ground coffee. The water will pass through the coffee particles and through a filter, and falls into a container.
They are usually made of paper, they are not reusable or stainless steel, reusable. They are round, but recently they have invented some with a sachet shape that carry the coffee inside.

Rachel Fuller Brown and Elizabeth Lee Hazen, Nystatin

 BIOGRAPHY:

Rachel Fuller Brown was born on the 23rd of November, 1898 in Springfield, Massachusetts. Her father was George Hamilton Brown, and her mother Annie Brown.

She was an American biochemist, she studied at Harvard University, Mount Holyoke College and at the University of Chicago. She got the degree on Physic and Chemistry in the year 1920.

In the year 1948 she started a project with Elisabeth Lee Hazen, this led to a discovery, they found an antibiotic called Nystatin. It´s the first fungicide against fungi applicable to humans. It´s useful in cutaneous and mucosa infections, produced by Candida Abbicons

Se died on die 14th of Junary 1980 in Albany, New York

https://mujeresconciencia.com/2014/11/23/rachel-fuller-brown-quimica/

Elizabeth was born on 24th of August, 1885 in Rich ( Mississippi). She died on the 24th of Juliy 1975. She became an orphan at the age of 3.

In 1931, she worked in the department of the state of New York, she found the sources of leukemia,She also founded the fungi that spoil poorly preserver food and how it works

At the department, she did studies of fungi and discovered treatments for fungal diseases.

https://mujeresconciencia.com/2015/08/24/elizabeth-lee-hazen-microbiologa/

INVETION:NYSTATIN

It acts as fungistatic and fungicide, depending on the concetration. It binds to the sterols of the cell membrane of fungi, whoose spatial configuation disorganizes, which lets to an alteration of the permeability of the membrane with loss of amino-acids, purines and ions by the fungi, with alteration of cellular metabolism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nystatin

      CLATONIA JOAQUIN DORTICUS  

Clatonia Joaquin Dorticus was a Scientist who was born in     

Cuba in 1863, but she makes her home  in Newton, N.Jersey. 

Little is known for her personal life.

 In regards to her inventions, she left an enduring legacy in               innovations in developning photographic print and negative             was machine. She also invented an inproved machine for                 embossing photographs.

 Her machine was designed to both mount and emboss a                  photographic print.

 Embossing is a method of raising parts of a photograph for a           3D look for relief her machine had a bed plate, a die, and a               pressure bar and bearings. she got the patent for this on July of         1894. It was referenced by two other patents in the 1950's. 

Every one thought that Clatonia was a man because there was not informaton of her life or photos. 

LILLIAN MOLLER GILBRETH

LILLIAN MOLLER GILBRETH

She was an American Psychologist. She was one of the first females engineers to get a doctorate. Her Works were developped in the area of industrial engineering.
She was born on 24th of May, 1878 in Oakland, Arizona.
She got married in 1904 to Frank Burker Gilbreth.
In 1911 she made her first important publication of her investigation: "Study of the movement". In 1915 she got her doctorate on psychologist at Brown University. She worked with her husband in the direction of the Jhonshon and Jhonshon company.

She put shelves in the door of the fridge and she invented the trash pedal and the electric blender.

.

Marjorie Stewart Joyner: Permanent Wave Machine

Marjorie Stewart Joyner

Marjorie was a woman who tried to solve African-american women's hair problems.

https://mujeresconciencia.com

HER LIFE

She was born on 1896 in Monterrey as the daughter of a teacher and a housewife, descendants of slaves.

Her parents got divorced and a few years later and she moved to Chicago.

Before she opened her beauty salon, she married Robert E. Joyner, a student of medicine.

STUDIES AND JOBS

There, she began working as a cleaner and as a waitress while she was in high school, which she could not finish.

Later , in an another school she graduated and was the first black person to graduate from that prodigious academy of cosmetics and beauty.

She opened a small beauty salon where she became famous for her ability with the "Marcel wave".

As straight hairstyle was difficult to do on black women, she decided to take lessons from a famous hairstylist for these women to release their complexes.

INVENTION

http://myauctionfinds.com

In 1919 she started to work in famous beauty salon ”The Walker Company ” ,and after the death of the head of the salon, Joyner became the head of the company .

In 1926, she wanted to solve the problem of most African-American's to straighten their hair so she created a machine to make it permanent.

She registered her machine in 1928 but could not be considered the inventor because a German man had already had the idea.A few years after making black women happy,

she  died in 1994 at the age of 98 in Chicago.

OUR PERSONAL OPINION

In our personal opinion, we think she was nice because she thought about helping black woman to overcome their complexes and feel better.

URL:

https://mujeresconciencia.com/2018/02/02/marjorie-stewart-joyner-1896-1994/

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjorie_Joyner

By: Laura and Jun

Mary Kies First American woman to obtain a patent

        Mary Kies           

Biography:
  

Mary Dixon was born in Killingly, Connecticut (United States) on March 21, 1752. She

was born to a family of farmers, daughter of  John and Janet Kennedy Dixon.

She married Isaac Pike I, and in 1770 they had a son named Isaac Pike II .

After his death she married John Kies. When John Kies died, she went to Brooklyn,

New York to live with her second son, Daniel Kies.

She had 3 children; Isaac Pike II , Daniel Kies and Abigail Kies.

Unfortunately, she died at the age of 85, in 1837, in New York.

Picture extracted from:  http://esceptica.org/2015/05/06/bios-mary-dixon-kies/ 

                                                 

                                               Invention:

Kies invented and patented a new method by which the weaving of straw with silk and thread became more effective. This method reduced costs when manufacturing hats. She worked in Massachusetts.

Due to the Napoleonic wars, it was very difficult to import goods to the United States. They sold hats made of silk to the people that worked in the countryside.

But she not only invented that method, she was the first American woman to obtain a patent.

At that time, the women weren’t authorized to have possessions in their name. Unfortunately, the patent was destroyed because there was a fire in 1836 at the Patent Office.

She didn’t became rich because of the patent, but other people benefited from it.

Picture extracted from: https://mujeresquehacenlahistoria.blogspot.com/2016/05/siglo-xviii-mary-dixon-kies.html 

References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Dixon_Kies

http://proyectomatematicasyarte.blogspot.com/2017/11/mary-dixon-kies-primera-mujer-con-una.html

https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/mary-kies

http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2011/11/mary-kies.html

By: Mariam Kheta and Yasmin Zegaa

ERNA SCHNEIDER HOOVER

ERNA SCHNEIDER HOOVER

IMAGE EXTRACTED FROM:     http://mujeresconciencia.com/app/uploads/2017/06/erna.jpg

Biography:

Erna Schneider Hoover was born in Irvington (New Jersey) on June 19, 1926. She studied philosophy and classical history, when she was only 20 years old. Her brother died at the age of 8. On 1953 she married Charles Wilson Hoover and he helped her with electronical things that Erna didn´t know.In 1987 Hoover was retired after 32 years in "Bell Labs". Since then she has been dedicated to spred the importance of education at all levels.

In 1954 she entered the center "Bell Labs" in Homdel (New Jersey). Six years later she launched a first fully electronic telephone in Morris (Illinois) but this invention wasn´t good, so thanks to his knowledge in logic and in theory of feedback, Hoover programmed the control devices of a telephone exchange, so that incoming call data could be used to impose order on the entire system. Finally, in 1965 the invention of Hoover was presented by "Bell Labs" as the most ambitious project of it´s history. 

Invention: 

Erna Schneider Hoover was the first woman to discovered feedback control monitor for stored program data processing system.

IMAGE EXTRACTED FROM: https://dounplxsvevsn.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Grace-Hopper-with-team.jpg

Daniel Carindatoiu y Guillermo Gil

Sarah Mather - Underwater periscope

SARAH MATHER

Itś considerated that Sarah Mather was born in Brooklyn , New York in 1796 but the biographical data of this woman are few. 

According to the Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science , Sarah got married and had one daugther, no more data is known.

She invented the aquascope in 1845, it is consisted of a tube with a lamp attached to one end of it, that can be sunk into the water to illuminate the objects with it.

This invention allows to visualize objects underwater, but with its 
later editions, the aquascope calculates the distances between     
objects, its size and therefore it has been added to the submarines of United States' armies.
But also the soldies on earth use the periscopes to keep them hidden in the trenches and attack their ennemies with surprise.
But Sarah thought her object would be used to see in water, avoid objects, fish or dogde rocks.

Later, she included a lamp to improve the display of the objects.
She could survive all her life with her invention.
However, until the time of his death on June 21, 1868, women were
 not accepted in the repair work of submarines.

Sources:

https://es.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Mather

https://blogs.20minutos.es/ciencia-para-llevar-csic/2017/10/25/sarah-mather-la-desconocida-inventora-del-periscopio/

https://www.kienyke.com/kien-fue/sarah-mather-inventora-de-periscopio

By Lucía Chen and Inés Moreno

Ruth Wakefield

                                                        Ruth Wakefield

Her full name was Ruth Graves Wakefield.

She was born in Massachusetts, United States in June 17, 1903

She died in the hospital of Massachusetts in January 10, 1977

She was an american chef, best known as the inventor of The
Toll House Cookie, the first chocolate cookie, in 1938 .

          

Wakefield was educated at Framingham State Normal School Department of Household Arts. There, she worked as a dietitian and lectureed about food. In 1928, she and her husband Kenneth Donald Wakefield had a son. in 1930, she and her husband  bought a tourist lodge

in the town os Whiteman,Massachusetts . It was a place where passengers has historically paid            toll ,changed horses and ate home-cooked meals .When the Wakefields opened their business,              they named the establishment the Toll House Innn. Ruth cooked and served all the food and                soon gained local fame for her lobster dinners and desserts.

Ruth Wakefield invented chocolate chip cookies by accident, when she ran out of pastry                      chocolate and decided to add ordinary chocolate, winch
didn´t melt well in the oven. The Toll House Crunch Cookies,
mentioned in local and well-know newspapers. The mothers sent  them to the soldiers and they spread out and got to know each other. They were sold in local shops.
Nestle found out and they wanted to buy this original recipe.
                                                       Ruth Wakefield gave her creation
 to Nestle. She could have retired, but she didn´t. She only asked
 for a dollar, that her original recipe, her name appear on Nestle   cookie and Nestle chocolate production boxes for free until the   end of her days.
 The company continues to live up to its end of the bergain. Ruth       Wakefield´s heirs continue to live off the fortunes of their        ancestors. It is rumoured that the Wakefiel restaurant received free chocolate for the rest of its life. 

         

Links: datosfreak.org
grandesproductos.com/foodnews

               https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Graves_Wakefield

                                                                                                        By Lucía Mata and Sofía Aguilar 

ELIZABETH MAGIE-MONOPOLY

ELIZABETH MAGIE

 BIOGRAPHY:

·Birth: She was born in 1866 in Macomb, Illinois, United States.
·Death: Magie died 1948 (aged 82) in Staunton, Virginia, United States. She is buried with her husband, Albert Wallace Phillips, located in Virginia.
·Studies: Well-educated having been surrounded by economical and political talk.
·Place of residence:
She worke as a stenographer. She was algo a writer of shorts stories and poetry, a comedian, and theatre actress, a feminist and a engineer. In 1906 she worked as a newspaper repoter. In 1910 she married with Albert Phillips at the age of 44.

  INVENTION:



 Elizabeth Magie invented the Monopoly. She was a American games designer and georgana. She was the woman inventor of "The Landlord's game".
The Monopoly is a game in which Magie wanted to show how to buy and sell lands or properties worked in those ages. It's a familiar and classical game.
 Monopoly has a dashboard, pieces how represent the players, cards who ordering you a duty and boxes in which you can buy the properties who represents each box.

  

                                                                                  

https://youtu.be/kQzHaJiuDbg

  VIDEO:

                                                                  

 https://youtu.be/6miHviRBoaY

  REFERENCES:

https://youtu.be/6miHviRBoaY

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Magie

https://mujeresconciencia.com/2017/04/14/elizabeth-magie-phillips-1866-1948/

BY MIRIAM MORTE AND ESTHER ABAD

Harriet Russell -

·HARRIET WILLIAMS RUSSELL·

    ·Biography:

  · Birth: She was born on the 23th, July of 1844. In Buffalo, United States of America.

  

  · Death: Harriet died on the 6th, September of 1926 (age of 82), because of a traffic accident. In Los Angeles County, California. 

  · Studies: She was educated at private schools. She also studied water problems, including the control of floodwaters and water storage.

  

  · Place of residence: In 1861 she and her family moved from Buffalo, New York to Carson City, Nevada.

  

  ·  Events of the inventor's life:

 -She has two awards for her inventions at the Universal Exhibition of Chicago in 1893. 

 -She has been inducted into the National Women's Hall (2001) of Fame and the National Inventors Hall of Fame (2016).

 Harriet was married with Charles Lymanat, at the age of 19. Charles committed suicide after a few failed business ventures in 1887. They had four daughters (Harriet, Mary, Geargina and Nelle).

   

    · Invention:

 On the 6th, Dicember of 1887, she built a dum and a warehouse. Her invention was about a series of dickes in a valley, in a canyon and in a water course. She wanted to wait until the water will fill the lower dam, so that it will act as a support.

 On the 6th, November of 1894, Harriet obtained another for a new method for seizing debris and storing water.

 She also proposed the construction of a series of dams in the great canyon of the Colorado River to conserve water for irrigation and to produce electricity. 

These innovations allowed the construction of the Hoover dam and the All-American canal.

          

  · Video:   

https://youtu.be/dQmHglqVAE4

  · Resources:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harriet_Williams_Russell_Strong

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQmHglqVAE4

https://mujeresconciencia.com/2018/03/30/harriet-williams-russell-strong-controlando-el-agua/

Mariela Terrer van Gool - 3º ESO C

Julie Newmar: Inventor of the pantys

Biography


Julia Chalene Newmeyer was born in Los Angeles, the 16th of August 1933. She is now 84 years old.

From an early age, she studied piano, classical ballet and dance. She graduated from high school when she was 15. She became prima ballerina for the Los Angeles opera.
She entered the university of UCLA scoring a 99 in the entrance exam. There, she intended to study piano, French and philosophy. But she stayed there for only six weeks because she switched to Universal Studios to be a choreographer, teacher, and dance double.  
Julie Newmar acted in Broadway musicals, which made her famous. That allowed her to obtain the role of "Cat Woman" in Batman.

Click here to watch a video explaining more about her life


Invention

In the 70s Newmar invented the pantys and in the 80s she started selling them.

She needed tights that looked good on her, that didn't flatten her bottom. Her solution to that was inventing some tights herself. She cut the panties diagonally to the fabric thread and turned the central seam into elastic.

http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0628325/bio

http://julienewmar.com/biography/

https://enlacresta2.wordpress.com/2008/09/29/julia-newmar-y-los-pantis/